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Illusion - Is Seeing Really Believing?
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Illusion - Is Seeing Really Believing (1998)(Marshall Media)[Mac-PC].iso
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00235_Field_frep42a.txt
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1996-12-30
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We sutured closed both eyes,
first in a newborn cat and later
in a newborn monkey. If the
cortical unresponsiveness in
the path from one eye arose
from disuse, sewing up both
eyes should give double the
defect: we should find virtually
no cells that responded to the
left or to the right eye. To our
great surprise, the result was
anything but unresponsive
cells: we found a cortex in
which fully half the cells
responded normally, one
quarter responded abnormally,
and one quarter did not respond
at all. We had to conclude that
you cannot predict the fate of a
cortical cell when an eye is
closed unless you are told
whether the other eye has been
closed too. Close one eye, and
the cell is almost certain to lose
its connections from that eye;
close both, and the chances are
good that the control will be
preserved. Evidently we were
dealing not with disuse, but
with some kind of eye
competition. It was as if a cell
began by having two sets of
synaptic inputs, one from each
eye, and with one pathway not
used, the other took over,
preempting the territory of the
first pathway, as shown in the
drawing to the left.
We suppose a cortical cell
receives input from two
sources, one from each eye, and
that covering one eye has the
effect of weakening the
connections from that eye and
strengthening the connections
from the other one.
Such reasoning, we thought,
could hardly apply to the
geniculate shrinkage because
geniculate cells are monocular,
with no obvious opportunities
for competition. For the time
being we could not explain the
cell shrinkage in the layers
corresponding to the closed eye.
With binocular closure, the
shrinkage of geniculate cells
seemed less conspicuous, but it
was hard to be sure because we
had no normal layers to use as a
standard of comparison. Our
understanding of this whole
problem did not move ahead
until we began to use some of
the new methods of
experimental anatomy.